Epithelial basement membrane dystrophy and cataract surgery / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Epithelial basement membrane dystrophy(EBMD)is a common anterior corneal dystrophy with hidden and easily missed clinical manifestations. Patients usually complain of mild blurred vision or foreign body sensation, or occasional pain at night or immediately after opening the eyelid in the morning. Slit-lamp examination revealed irregular, amorphous corneal surfaces, fingerprint-like linear lesions, and punctate or bubble-like lesions. EBMD has a significant impact on preoperative biometrics and intraocular lens power calculation, which can lead to inaccurate measurement and postoperative refractive accident, and cataract surgeons must be aware of this. This article reviews recent research and conference reports on the impact of EBMD on cataract surgery, as a reference for refractive cataract surgeons, thus improving the preoperative diagnosis and detection rate, so as to provide the optimal treatment plan for patients.

Efecto fotodinámico de Azul de metileno y Azul de toluidina, sobre biofilm de Streptococcus mutans y Candida albicans / Photodynamic effect of methylene blue and toluidine blue on Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans biofilm

Objetivo: Determinar el efecto fotodinámico de azul de metileno (MB) y azul de toluidina (TBO) activadas con láser terapéutico sobre biofilms de Streptococcus mutans y Candida albicans. Material y métodos: Se analizaron 61 muestras de biopelículas, en medios de cultivo cerebro corazón (BHI) por 6 días, las muestras se dividieron en 4 grupos y se sumergieron en: grupo experimental en MB al 0,01% y TBO al 0,05%, grupo control positivo en gluconato de clorhexidina (CHX) al 0,12% y grupo control negativo en cloruro de sodio (NaCl) al 0,9%. Las muestras de MB y TBO fueron irradiadas con láser terapéutico con una longitud de onda de 660 nm, y 9 J/cm2 de potencia, cada bloque de esmalte estuvo en cultivo post irradiación. las muestras pasaron a cultivo, para la cepa S. mutans y C. albicans por separado, El método empleado fue el de diluciones seriadas para la cuantificación de UFC luego de 5 días de cultivo. Para el análisis se usó T de student y Anova de un factor. Resultados: encontrando diferencias estadísticas entre los cuatro grupos de experimentación en el crecimiento microbiano (ANOVA p<0,05), al análisis con el grupo control positivo, no hubo diferencias significativas entre MB frente al S. mutans y C. albicans, en contraste con el TBO que mostro diferencias significativas (p<0,05). Conclusión: el MB y TBO muestran en laboratorio, una disminución en el crecimiento de las cepas del biofilm, el TBO mostró mejor efecto a la reducción de crecimiento del S. mutans y C. albicans.

Objetive: To determine the photodynamic effect of methylene blue (MB) and toluidine blue (TBO) activated with therapeutic laser on Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans biofilms. Material and methods: Sixty-one biofilm samples were analyzed in brain heart culture media (BHI) for 6 days, the samples were divided into 4 groups and immersed in: experimental group in 0.01% MB and 0.05% TBO, positive control group in 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and negative control group in 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl). The MB and TBO samples were irradiated with 2 therapeutic laser with a wavelength of 660 nm, and 9 J/cmof power, each enamel block was in post-irradiation culture. The samples were cultured separately for the S. mutansand C. albicans strains, the method used was that of serial dilutions for the quantification of CFU after 5 days of culture. For the analysis, Student's Tand Anova of one factor were used. Results: finding statistical differences between the four experimental groups in microbial growth (ANOVAp<0.05), in the analysis with the positive control group, there were no significant differences between MB versus S. mutansand C. albicans, in contrast to the TBO that showed significant differences (p<0.05). Conclusion: MB and TBO show in laboratory, a decrease in the growth of biofilm strains, TBO showed better effect in reducing the growth of S. mutansand C. albicans.

Efficacy of laser photobiomodulation pulpotomy in human primary teeth A randomized controlled trial

Background: Laser photobiomodulation (LPBM), also called Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT), has shown potential to reduce the pulpal inflammation and to preserve the dental pulp vitality, thereby improving healing. Lasers being minimally invasive, safe, and patient friendly prompt its application in pediatric dentistry. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the clinical and radiographic success rates of LPBM and formocresol pulpotomy at 9 months post intervention in human primary molars. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled, split-mouth study design was followed involving children aged 4–7 years with at least two primary molars indicated for pulpotomy. Sixty-eight eligible primary molars were randomly allocated to two interventions – formocresol pulpotomy (Group I) and LPBM pulpotomy (Group II). Statistical Analyses: Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis fixing significance level at P ? 0.05. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the clinical success rates between the formocresol group (97.05%) and the photobiomodulation group (94.1%) (?2 = 0.34, P = 0.55); however, the radiographic success rate was significantly high in the laser group (94.1%) compared to the formocresol group (58.82%) (?2 = 11.76, P = 0.001). Conclusion: LPBM could be a viable nonpharmaceutical alternative for formocresol pulpotomy in human primary teeth

mILIB: a new concept in laser therapy / mILIB: un nuevo concepto en laserterapia

mILIB (Intravascular Laser Irradiation in the Modified Bloodstream) presents itself as one more photobiomodulation technique, among the many therapeutic possibilities we know. The advantage in this case is the possibility of making application in a systemic way in which the organism as a whole is benefited. The use of the red therapeutic laser in a transcutaneous way, has been a great option as an added therapeutic value to the treatment of several pathologies, providing systemic stimuli, similar to hemotherapy. Thus, mILIB presents itself as an effective and increasingly widespread technique for professionals working with photobiomodulation

mILIB (Irradiación láser intravascular en el torrente sanguíneo modificado) se presenta como una técnica de fotobiomodulación más, entre las muchas posibilidades terapéuticas que conocemos. La ventaja en este caso es la posibilidad de realizar una aplicación de forma sistémica en la que se beneficia al organismo en su conjunto.El uso del láser terapéutico rojo de forma transcutánea, ha sido una gran opción como valor terapéutico añadido al tratamiento. de varias patologías, proporcionando estímulos sistémicos, similar a la hemoterapia. Así, mILIB se presenta como una técnica eficaz y cada vez más extendida para los profesionales que trabajan con fotobiomodulación.

Usos del láser terapéutico en Odontopediatría: Revisión de la literatura. Reporte de casos / Uses of Therapeutic Laser in Pediatric Dentistry: Review of the Literature. Case Reports

RESUMEN El término "LÁSER" es un acrónimo de "Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation" (en español "Amplificación de Luz por Emisión Estimulada de Radiación"). La utilización de la tecnología láser en Odontología ha tenido una constante evolución y desarrollo en los últimos 30 años. Se deben distinguir dos grandes grupos de láseres: De alta potencia o quirúrgicos y de baja potencia o terapéuticos. El más empleado en odontología pediátrica es el terapéutico o LLLT (o "blando"). El láser terapéutico está indicado para diversas anomalías tales como la hipersensibilidad, gingivitis, herpes, parestesias, neuralgias del trigémino, trismus, disfunción ATM, implantes, activación de químicos de blanqueamiento dental, entre otros. Este artículo pretende realizar una actualización de las aplicaciones del láser de baja potencia en el ámbito de la Odontología Pediátrica, así como la presentación de 4 casos clínicos representativos.

ABSTRACT The term "LASER" is an acronym for "Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation" (in Spanish "Amplificación de Luz por Emisión Estimulada de Radiación"). The use of laser technology in dentistry has had a constant evolution and development in the last 30 years. Two large groups of lasers should be distinguished: high-power or surgical and low-power or therapeutic. The most used in pediatric dentistry is the therapeutic or LLLT (or "soft"). The therapeutic laser is indicated for various anomalies such as hypersensitivity, gingivitis, herpes, paresthesias, trigeminal neuralgias, trismus, TMJ dysfunction, implants, activation of teeth whitening chemicals, among others. This article intends to perform an update of the applications of low power laser in the field of Pediatric Dentistry, as well as the presentation of 4 representative clinical cases.

Efecto del láser terapéutico infrarrojo en la reparación ósea post-exodoncia en ratas albinas / Effect of therapeutic laser infrared in the bone repair post extraction in albino rats

Objetivos: Determinar el efecto del láser terapéutico infarrojo en la reparación ósea post exodoncia en ratas Albinas. Material y métodos: Treinta ratas Albinas Holtzman fueron divididos al azar en tres grupos (A, B y C) de 10 ratas cada uno de acuerdo al día de sacrificio y subdivididos en dos grupos teniendo 5 ratas cada uno (A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2). A los alvéolos de los incisivos superiores extraídos de las ratas de los grupos A1, B1 y C1 no se les aplicó el láser terapéutico infrarrojo siendo el control y a los alvéolos de las ratas de los grupos A2, B2 y C2 se les aplicó el láser terapéutico infrarrojo AsGaAl de forma puntual y continua. Las muestras se analizaron utilizando un Microscopio Óptico mediante conteo celular y estructuras nuevas del alvéolo. Resultados: A los 3 días se encontró una cantidad mayor de neutrófilos, linfocitos, macrófagos, fibroblastos y neovasos en los grupos láser pero sólo fue estadísticamente significativo en macrófagos (p = 0,026). A los 7 días se encontró un cantidad mayor de fibroblastos y neovasos en los grupos láser siendo estadísticamente significativos (p = 0,01 y p = 0,008 respectivamente). A los 14 días se encontraron osteoblastos pero en mayor cantidad en los grupos láser, siendo estadísticamente significativo (p = 0,008). Conclusiones: El láser terapéutico infrarrojo presentó efecto positivo en la reparación ósea post exodoncia modulando la respuesta celular y bioestimulando la formación de nuevas células y estructuras involucradas en las etapas de cicatrización del alvéolo.

Objectives: Determine the effect of infrared laser therapy on the bone repair post-extraction in albino rats. Material and methods: Thirty rats Albinas Holtzman were randomly divided into three groups (A, B and C) of 10 rats each according to the day of sacrifice and divided into two groups having 5 rats each (A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2). Incisor extracted alveolus from A1, B1 and C1 control groups were not applied infrared laser therapy and A2, B2 and C2 groups was applied infrared laser therapy AsGaAl on time and continuous. Samples were analyzed using an optical microscope by counting cell structures of alveoli. Results: After 3 days a greater number of neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts and new blood vessels in irradiated groups was found but was only statistically significant in macrophages (p = 0.026). After 7 days an increased number of neutrophils, lymphocytes and macrophages in the control groups was found but it was statistically significant only in neutrophils and macrophages (p = 0.019 and p = 0.01 respectively). After 14 days osteoblasts were found in greater amount in the irradiated laser group being statistically significant (p=0.008; p <0.05). Conclusions: The infrared laser is effective to repair alveoli post-extracted teeth bone and to stimulate formation of cells and structures involved in healing dental alveolus.

Uso del láser terapéutico en el control del dolor en ortodoncia / Use of laser therapy in pain control in orthodontics

Se realizó una revisión de los últimos años de la literatura para analizar la información existente respecto al uso de láser terapéutico en el control del dolor durante el tratamiento de ortodoncia. Se encontró que el láser terapéutico puede ser efectivo como coayudante en el control del dolor sin embargo las diferencias no son significativas.

There is realized a review of last years of the literature to analyze the existing information with regard to the use of therapeutic laser in the control of the pain during the treatment of orthodontics.

Use of therapeutic laser for prevention and treatment of oral mucositis

Oral mucositis (OM) affects patients who are submitted to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) due to high doses of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. The purpose of this investigation was to perform a comparative study of the frequency and evolution of OM among patients subjected to therapeutic laser and to the conventional therapy (use of mouthwash called "Mucositis Formula"). The patients were subjected to a myeloablative conditioning regimen before the allogeneic HSCT. Twenty-two patients were selected and divided into 2 groups: group I was irradiated with InGaAlP laser (660 nm) and GaAlAs laser (780 nm), 25 mW potency, 6.3J/cm² dose, in 10-s irradiation time, followed to conventional treatment; group II was subjected only to the conventional treatment. Both World Health Organization (WHO) scale and the Oral Mucositis Assessment Scale (OMAS) were used to evaluate the results. Data were analyzed by the non-parametric Wilcoxon test, with p<0.05 considered as statistically significant. Group I presented a lower frequency of OM (p=0.02) and lower mean scores, according to WHO and OMAS scales (p<0.01 and p=0.01, respectively). In conclusion, laser reduced the frequency and severity of OM, suggesting that therapeutic laser can be used both as a new form of prevention and treatment of OM.

A mucosite oral (MO) afeta pacientes que são submetidos ao transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas (TCTH) devido as altas doses de quimioterapia e/ou radioterapia. A proposta desta investigação foi realizar um estudo comparativo da freqüência e a evolução da MO entre os pacientes submetidos ao laser terapêutico e da terapia convencional (uso de solução de bochecho chamada "Fórmula para Mucosite").Os pacientes foram submetidos ao regime de condicionamento mieloablativo antes da realização do TCTH alogênico.Vinte e dois pacientes foram selecionados e divididos em 2 grupos: grupo I foi irradiado com laser AlGaInP (660 nm) e laser GaAlAs (780 nm), potência de 25 mW, dose de 6,3J/cm², tempo 10 s, seguido do tratamento convencional; grupo II submetido apenas ao tratamento convencional. Ambas as escalas da World Health Organization (WHO) e Oral Mucositis Assessment Scales (OMAS) foram utilizadas para avaliar os resultados. Os dados foram analizados pelo teste não-paramétrico de Wilcoxon, com p<0,05 considerado estatisticamente significante. O grupo I apresentou menor frequência de MO (p=0,02) e menor média de acordo com as escalas WHO e OMAS (p<0,01 e p=0,01, respectivamente). Em conclusão, o laser reduziu a frequência e gravidade da MO, sugerindo que o laser terapêutico pode ser usado para ambos como uma nova forma de prevenção e tratamento da MO.